New CD Course Topics:

5- 15 PDH CD, Forensic Engineer, Part # 2

    including 1 PDH in Ethics.

      (course topic 5)

Forensic Engineering Part #2

Residential and commercial damage inspection.

We have tried to use a good variety of different cases on this CD, however due to the busy hurricane season in 2005 the majority of the cases are hurricanes related.

List of cases:

1. Hurricane Katrina damage to a residence.

2. Hurricane Katrina blowing a house off its foundation.

3. Hurricane Isabel damage to a restaurant.

4. Hurricane Frances and Jeanne damage to a country club.

5. Foundation movement and structural damage to the exterior and interior of a house.

6. Undetected termite damage in a newly purchased house.

7. Discovering water damage to a house during sales process, was the damage done by

    the Hurricane?

8. Hurricane Katrina floods a house.

9. Alleged hail storm damage to air conditioning units of a business.

10. Hurricane katrina damage to house; how much damage was done by wind and how

     much by flood.

11. Attempted break-in to a high school through the roof.

12. Foundation movement and damage to a church wall.

13. Roof damage to a warehouse caused by more than a lightning strike; a case of moving 

     mass vibration.

14. EFIS (Exterior Insulation Finishing System) related home moisture damage.

15. Ship hitting a pier and causing damage.

16. Hail damage to the air conditioning system of a restaurant.

17. Hurricane Katrina damage to a house.

18. Foundation movement and damage to the exterior and interior of a house.

19. Hurricane Charlie hitting a strip shopping center.

20. Damage to metal roof caused by Hurricane Charlie.

21. Damage to a Pier and boat house caused by Hurricane Charlie.

22. Sagging balcony of a beach house caused by Hurricane Isabel.

23. Structural damage to condominiums caused by Hurricane Isabel.

24. Mold growth around the windows and water stains in different parts of a house.

25. 1 PDH Ethics, Case study.

DVD Course Topics:

1- 15 PDH DVD, Forensic Engineer, Part # 1

    10 PDH or 1 CEU + extra 5 PDH all on one DVD, including 1 PDH in Ethics.

      (course topic 1)

Forensic Engineering Part #1

Product liability, failure analysis, vehicle accident, tractor-trailer accident, train accident, boat accident, vehicle fire accident, insurance fraud, testifying in court as an engineer, video animation and court room presentation.

• A general discussion of what is Forensic engineering. Does your experience and background lend itself for you to be a forensic engineer and an expert witness in your field of expertise?
• Sample case studies in different fields of forensic engineering (photo slides and video).
• Sample computer animation demonstrative evidence for courtroom presentation.
• The general fundamental of engineering investigation and working the scene of the accident. Photographing, video graphing, taking measurement and collecting evidence from the scene of the accident (photo slides).
• Engineering fundamentals and techniques of auto accident reconstruction.
• Reading the damage patterns of the vehicles after the accident using simple laws of physics and dynamics (photo slides).
• Sample photo slides of detecting insurance fraud in automobile accidents using simple laws of physics and dynamics.
• Sample photo slides of detecting insurance fraud and arson in vehicle fires using simple laws of propulsion, heat transfer and heat radiation.
• Sample photo slides of detecting insurance fraud in homeowner insurance claims using simple laws of engineering, physics and dynamics.
• Tractor-trailer and heavy trucks brakes, mechanical inspection and accident investigation video.
• Boat accidents investigation video using simple laws of physics, dynamics and stability & control; presentation by ATA & Associates.
• How to testify and give a deposition as an expert witness. What is Daubert- Robinson Challenge.
• Basics of Daubert- Robinson Challenge (a must read for engineers who want to testify in court)
• Ethics as an engineer and as an expert witness (1 PDH Ethics). Battle of experts; Video case Study of a murder trial, where the alleged murderer was accused of killing her mother by setting her car on fire.
• End of the course.
  

Extra 5 PDH

• How to testify in court as an engineer and expert witness.
• What are do’s and don’t of testify in court.
• The Daubert-Robinson Challenge, case studies.
• Tractor trailer skid & crash tests video.
• Vehicle seat belt and restrain crash tests video by ATA & Associates.
• Advanced engineering accident reconstruction video by ATA & Associates.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2- 15 PDH DVD, How to start a part time/full time consulting

       engineering business  on a  shoestring

      10 PDH or 1 CEU + extra 5 PDH all on one DVD, including 1 PDH in Ethics.

     This course is a combination of our Forensic Engineering + the business section

      (course topic 2)

1. This is the first and only class of its kind for engineers who would like to learn how to start and run a part time/full time consulting engineering company, while earning their PDH or CEP credit hours.
2. This class will teach engineers how to set up, run and market an engineering consulting company in any part of the country and practice either in their own field of expertise or the field of Forensic Engineering
3. Forensic Engineering is one of the fastest growing and highest paid engineering fields in the country.
4. The fundamentals of the class can be applied to any kind of consulting engineering business. This will also be a great class for engineers who like to testify in court as an engineer or simply making plans to work part time as consultant engineers either now or during their retirement years.
5. This class is also open to non-PE engineers.

• Opening statement and remarks.
• How to start and set up your engineering consulting company, taxes, corporation, bank, brochure, stationary, business cards, web site……etc.
• Marketing, marketing, marketing…..even if you are the best engineer in the world, no one will know who you are, unless you market yourself.
• 10 different methods of marketing yourself, your engineering services and your engineering company.
• Learn how to advertise, market, find prospects, make cold calls and get accounts. Learn how to be a more “ street smart engineer” and avoid making expensive mistakes.
• Things they do not teach us in the engineering school. Discussion of different methods of sales, marketing and advertising. Learn how to negotiate on the price.
• What are the best and easiest ways for engineers to find clients?
• How to show in the trade shows and maximize the exposure of your engineering company.
  

Second section of the class

Forensic Engineering

• A general discussion of what is Forensic engineering. Does your experience and background lend itself for you to be a forensic engineer and an expert witness in your field of expertise?
• Sample case studies in different fields of forensic engineering (photo slides and video).
• Sample computer animation demonstrative evidence for courtroom presentation.
• The general fundamental of engineering investigation and working the scene of the accident. Photographing, video graphing, taking measurement and collecting evidence from the scene of the accident (photo slides).
• Engineering fundamentals and techniques of auto accident reconstruction.
• Reading the damage patterns of the vehicles after the accident using simple laws of physics and dynamics (photo slides).
• Sample photo slides of detecting insurance fraud in automobile accidents using simple laws of physics and dynamics.
• Sample photo slides of detecting insurance fraud and arson in vehicle fires using simple laws of propulsion, heat transfer and heat radiation.
• Sample photo slides of detecting insurance fraud in homeowner insurance claims using simple laws of engineering, physics and dynamics.
• Tractor-trailer and heavy trucks brakes, mechanical inspection and accident investigation video.
• Boat accidents investigation video using simple laws of physics, dynamics and stability & control; presentation by ATA & Associates.
• How to testify and give a deposition as an expert witness. What is Daubert- Robinson Challenge.
• Basics of Daubert- Robinson Challenge (a must read for engineers who want to testify in court)
• Ethics as an engineer and as an expert witness (1 PDH Ethics). Battle of experts; Video case Study of a murder trial, where the alleged murderer was accused of killing her mother by setting her car on fire.
• End of the course.
  

Extra 5 PDH

• How to testify in court as an engineer and expert witness.
• What are do’s and don’t of testify in court.
• The Daubert-Robinson Challenge, case studies.
• Tractor trailer skid & crash tests video.
• Vehicle seat belt and restrain crash tests video by ATA & Associates.
• Advanced engineering accident reconstruction video by ATA & Associates.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- 5 PDH CD, Vehicle accident engineering reconstruction; damage consistency

       (course topic 3)

• The general fundamental of engineering investigation and working the scene of the accident. Photographing, video graphing, taking measurement and collecting evidence from the scene of the accident (photo slides).
• Engineering fundamentals and techniques of auto accident reconstruction.
• Paint transfer and the type of damage after different types of collisions.
• Reading the damage patterns of the vehicles after the accident using simple laws of physics and dynamics (photo slides).
• Sample photo slides of detecting insurance fraud in automobile accidents using simple laws of physics and dynamics.
• Sample computer animation demonstrative evidence for courtroom presentation in more serious accidents.
• + Plus free course related reading material regarding the Daubert-Robinson Challenge and how to testify in court as an engineer

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4- 3 PDH CD, Vehicle Fire Engineering Investigation

       (course topic 4)

• The general fundamental of vehicle fire investigation and going to the scene of the accident.
• Sample photo slides of different vehicle fire accidents.
• Sample photo slides of finding cause & origin of the fire after the car is burned.
• Sample photo slides of detecting insurance fraud and arson in vehicle fires using simple laws of propulsion, heat transfer and heat radiation.
• Case study; product liability, a Ford F-150 cruise control fire accident.
• + Plus free course related reading material regarding the Daubert-Robinson Challenge and how to testify in court as an engineer

6- 5 PDH Building performance during hurricane including 1 PDH Ethics

Summary of building performance course topics:

• The course discuss summary of the building performance after 4 hurricanes of Charley, Frances, Ivan, and Jean.

•  Executive Summary
• Purpose and Background
• Description of Hazard Events
• Charley
• Frances
• Ivan
• Jeanne
• Cumulative Hurricane Damages
• Building Performance
• Wind Hazard Observations
• Key Observations
• Structural Performance
• Accessory Structures
• Building Envelope
• Flood Hazard Observations
• Key Observations
• Foundations and Structures
• Accessory Structures and Construction Features
• Beneath Elevated Structures
• Implications of Poor Building Performance
• Residential Buildings
• Commercial/Industrial Buildings
• Critical and Essential Facilities

• Conclusions and Recommendations
• Wind-Related Conclusions and Recommendations
• General
• Hurricane Classification
• Structural
• Accessory Structures
• Building Envelope
• Flood-Related Conclusions and Recommendations
• General
• Structures and Foundations
• Accessory Structures and Construction Features
• Beneath Elevated Structures
• Critical and Essential Facilities/Shelters,
• Conclusions and Recommendations
• Design Guidance and Public Education Recommendations
• Design and Construction Guidance
• Public Education and Outreach
• Design and Construction Recommendations
• Building Code and Regulations Recommendations
• 1 PDH Ethics, Case study.

7- 10 PDH Hurricane Katrina Technical Report

Hurricane Katrina Technical Report course topics.

• Storm event description and effect
• Flood plain
• Building codes and standards
• Long-duration flood impacts in the New Orleans area.
• Characterization of Building damage in New Orleans.
• Residential buildings
• Low-rise Commercial buildings
• High-rise Buildings
• Wood frame buildings
• Manufactured housing
• Reinforced concrete and heavy steel buildings
• Pre-engineered metal buildings
• Roof coverings
• Wall coverings
• Glazing
• Rooftop equipment
• Flood Hazard
• Lowest Floor Elevations
• Foundations and Structures
• Long-Duration Flood Impacts in the New Orleans Area
• Flood Related Recommendations
• Codes and Standards Recommendations
• General Hazard Identification Recommendations
• Long-Duration Flooding Impact Recommendations
• Design and Construction Recommendations
• Foundation Recommendations
• Flood Insurance Recommendations
• Performance of Structural Systems (Residential and Commercial Construction)
• Performance of Building Envelop
• Wind Related Recommendation
• Codes and Standards Recommendations
• Building Envelope Recommendations
• General Recommendations
• Performance of Critical and Essential Facilities (Including Shelters)
• Recommendations
• Recommendation Tables for Flood and Wind

8- 16 PDH, How to protect your house from flooding,including 1 PDH Ethics

How to protect your house from flooding course topics:

• Introduction
• What Is “Retrofitting”?
• Types of Flooding
• How Flooding Can Damage Your House
• Depth/Elevation of Flooding
• Flow Velocity
• Flood Frequency
• Rate of Rise and Rate of Fall
• Duration
• Debris Impact 
• Other Hazards
•  
• An Overview of the Retrofitting Methods
• Introduction
• Cautions
• Substantial Damage/Substantial Improvement
• Flood Protection Elevation and Risk
• Human Intervention
• Construction Terminology
• Construction Type
• Foundation Type
• Retrofitting Methods and Costs
• Elevation
• Wet Flood proofing
• Relocation
• Dry Flood proofing
• Levees and Flood walls
• Demolition
• Summary
•  
• Deciding Which Method Is Right for Your House
• Introduction
• Making Your Decision
• Step 1 – Determine the Hazards to Your House
• Step 2 – Inspect Your House
• Step 3 – Check with Your Local Officials
• Step 4 – Consult a Design Professional and Contractor 
• Retrofitting Checklist
• Decision Making Matrixes
• Elevating Your House
• Introduction
• Considerations
• Amount of Elevation
• Existing Foundation
• Hazards
• Access
• House Size, Design, and Shape
• The Elevation Techniques
• Elevating on Extended Foundation Walls
• Alternative Elevation Techniques for Masonry Houses on
• Slab-On-Grade Foundations
• Elevating on an Open Foundation
•  
• Wet Flood proofing
•  
• Introduction
• Considerations
• Flood Protection Elevation
• Hazards
• Post-Flood Cleanup
• Modifications Required for Wet Flood proofing
• Installing Openings
• Using Flood-Resistant Materials
• Protecting Service Equipment 
• Other Methods
• Introduction
• Relocation
• Dry Flood proofing
• Levees and Flood walls
• Demolition
• Protecting Service Equipment
• Introduction
• Methods of Protection
• Elevation 
• Relocation
• Protection in Place
• Anchors and Tie downs
• Back flow Valves

9- 31 PDH Hurricane Charley Technical Report including 1 PDH Ethics

Hurricane Charley Technical Report Course Topics:

• Introduction
• Hurricane Charley – The Event
• Summary of Winds
• Summary of Storm Surge
• Summary of Storm Damage
• Comparisons of Predictions and Post-Landfall Estimates: Wind
• Predictions
• Post-Landfall Observations
• Reported Data
• Wind Field Estimates – Model-Based Results
• Comparisons of Predictions and Post-Landfall Observations: Storm Surge
• Predictions
• Post-Landfall Observations
• Loss Estimates
• The Significance of Hurricane Charley 
•  
• Codes, Standards, and Regulations
• The Building Codes
• Comparing Design Wind Speeds
• Comparing Calculated Wind Pressures (Old vs. New Code Methods)
• Comparing Debris Impact Criteria
• High-Wind Elements of the Code
• Florida Statutes Affecting Building Design
• HUD Manufactured Housing Design Standards
• Florida Manufactured Housing Installation Standards 
• Floodplain Regulations
•  
• Basic Assessment and Characterization of Damage
• Wind Effects
• Variability in Hurricane Winds
• Building Structural Damage Due to Wind Effects
• Residential Buildings (One- and Two-Family Dwellings, Wood-Frame Multi-Family Buildings, and Manufactured Housing)
• Commercial and Mixed-Use Buildings
• Building Components and Cladding (C&C) Damage Due to Wind Effects
• Residential Buildings (One- and Two-Family Dwellings)
• Commercial and Mixed-Use Buildings (Including Multi-Family)
•  Building Damage Due to Wind borne Debris
• Attached and Accessory Structures
•  
• HURRICANE CHARLEY IN FLORIDA
• Flood Effects
• Flood Damage Observations
• Coastal Surge Damage
• Critical and Essential Facilities
• Fire and Police Stations and Hospitals
• Emergency Operations Centers, Storm Shelters, and Schools
•  
• Structural Systems Performance
• Wood-Frame Buildings
•  Manufactured Housing
•  Concrete and Masonry Buildings
•  Structural Steel-Frame Buildings
•  Pre-Engineered Metal Buildings
• Accessory Structures/Attachments
•  
• Building Envelope Performance .
• Doors, Personnel Door Damage .
• Garage Door Damage
• Rolling and Sectional Door Damage
• Windows, Shutters, and Skylights
• Residential Buildings
• Commercial and Critical/Essential Facilities
• Roof Systems
• Asphalt Shingles
• Tiles
• Mortar-Set Tile Roofs
• Mechanically Attached Tile Roofs
• Hip and Ridge Tiles
• Sprayed Polyurethane Foam
• Tile Missiles
• Metal Panel Roofs
• Low-Slope Membrane Systems
• Built-up Roof (BUR) and Modified Bitumen
• Single-Ply
• Gutters and Downspouts
• Wall Coverings, Non-Load Bearing Walls, and Soffits
•  Wall Coverings
• Non-Load Bearing Walls
• Soffits
• Exterior Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Damage
• Damage to Exterior Equipment Attached to Residential Buildings
• Damage to Exterior Equipment Attached to Commercial and Critical/Essential Facilities
• Condensers
• Fan Units and HVAC Units
• Electrical and Communications Equipment
•  
• Performance of Critical and Essential Facilities
• Emergency Operations Centers
• General Damage
• Functional Loss
• Fire and Police Stations
• General Damage
• Functional Loss 
• Hospitals 
• General Damage
• Functional Loss
•  
• Schools
• General Damage
• Functional Loss
•  
• Shelters
• Damage and Performance of Shelters
• Turner Agri-Civic Center, Arcadia
•  
• Port Charlotte Middle School, Port Charlotte
• Liberty Elementary School, Port Charlotte
• Functional Loss
• Buildings Selected for Shelter Use
• The Florida SESP
•  
• Conclusions
• General Conclusions
• Building Performance and Compliance with the Building Codes, Statutes, and Regulatory Requirements of the State of Florida
• Performance of Structural Systems (Residential and Commercial Construction)
• Internal Pressures
• Wind Improvement for Existing Buildings
• Performance of Accessory Structures/Attachments
• Performance of Building Envelope, Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
• Building Envelope
• Roof Coverings, Wall Coverings, and Soffits
• Windows, Doors, and Shutters
• Attached Equipment (Rooftop and Ground Level)
• The Need for High-Wind Design and Construction Guidance
• Performance of Critical and Essential Facilities (Including Shelters)
• Observed Mitigation Successes
• Improvement Success in Residential Construction
• Improvement Success in Commercial Construction
• Improvement Success in Critical and Essential Facility Construction
•  
• Recommendations
• General Recommendations
• Proposed Changes to Codes and Statutes 
• Statutory Building Code Provisions
• General Code Changes Proposed for FBC Consideration
• Code Changes Proposed for Critical/Essential Facilities and Shelters
• Structural (Residential and Commercial Construction)
• New Residential and Commercial Structures
• Wind Improvement for Existing Residential Buildings
• Wind Improvement for Existing Commercial Buildings
• Accessory Structures/Attachments
• Architectural, Mechanical, and Electrical
• Critical and Essential Facilities (Including Shelters)
• Design Guidance and Public Education
• Design and Construction Guidance
• Public Education and Outreach

Some of the FAQ's:

Q: Do I watch the DVD courses like a DVD movie?

• No, the DVD course are a multimedia course, containing PDF text files, photo slides, animation videos and video clips. We have placed the whole thing on a DVD due to it's shear volume. This was done intentionally to give you the capability to stop the DVD at any time and come back to it at a later time when it's convenient for you. This way you do not have to watch the whole thing for 15 hours straight!

• Simply place the DVD in the DVD drive and follow the instructions on the back of the DVD case. You can stop the DVD at any place and come back to it at a later time.

 Q; What if for any reason the Board of Engineering decided to deny my course during the audit.

There are 30 states (that we know of) requiring continuing education for engineers. Except a few the majority of the states do not pre-approve a continuing education course and they leave that choice to the engineers.

Although they all share the same principals, but each one has a slightly different requirements for their engineering continuing education program. If your Board of Professional Engineers does not accept our course fully or partially for any reason, we will refund 100% of your money back. We would need proof of denial from your board.

For engineers in Texas (since we are in Texas), the Texas Board of Professional Engineers does not pre-approve a continuing education course, however all our courses have passed the audit in Texas in the past.

Q; Why Forensic Engineering?

• If your current engineering job or experience does not have a small business/consulting application, Forensic Engineering is the most common choice among the engineers and scientists, since it's rather easy to our standards and you already have the engineering background.

• Please visit the DVD course topics page for more in depth information and FAQs.

Q: Why should I take this course? What's in it for me?

• You learn something practical while earning your PDH or CEP.

• It's easy and hassle free.

• No username for registration, password or corporate discount number just to take a course.

• Simply order it online and you'll receive the whole DVD in one week or less.

• You study at your own convenience and in the comfort of your home.

• You get all your 15 PDH in one package including your 1 PDH ethics video.

• You are getting the best value for the price.

• Unlike other online engineering courses, which simply give you a technical topic with some formulas to plug in or quiz questions to fill out and you get a certificate. This course will teach you how to think like an entrepreneur engineer and start a small engineering company no matter what part of the country you live in.

• And finally last but not least, If you are considering keeping busy during the retirement years, this is the best investment that you can make, while earning your PDH and CEP credits. It would be much easier if you start now, rather than starting later when you are retired.

Q: What is Forensic Engineering and how much money can I make?

• You will learn what is Forensic Engineering in this course. Please visit the “DVD course topic” page from the menu on top of the page.

• As a Forensic engineer you can make from $100/hr. to $1000/hr. (A Ford Company expert in Houston), it depends how good you are! In general the going rate is from $100.00/hr to $250.00/hr. for engineers. If you are an engineer and a medical doctor MD, your rates can easily go to $350.00/hr to $600.00/hr in medical injury cases. Your rates are expected to be 1.5 times or double your normal rates when you are giving a deposition for a law firm or you are testifying live in court.

• Your rate also depends on the type of the industry and the quality of the work and cases you accept. In some industries (such as vehicle product liability) if your rates are too low, your potential clients may think you are not good enough. While in the insurance industry there is an accepted range, if you are too high they will not use you.

Q: Can I have different rates for different industries?

• Yes, we checked that with our Board of Engineering here in Texas. Your rate is your choice and it's more of a supply and demand. You can have insurance rates, legal rates, engineering rates, flat package rates....& etc.

However, every company in that industry should be treated and charged the same.

For example, you can't have different rates for law firms just because they are a plaintiff firm or a defense firm.

You can ask for a retainer in any case that you see suitable, regardless of what type of industry they are. For example, if the client wants you to travel to somewhere and spend a few days at the site doing, something. Or he wants you to do something that you have to hire a crew or bring in some equipment. Unless, you have known the client for a long time and have done business with him in the past.

It is not unusual to ask for a retainer. A retainer of $2500 for small jobs and $5000.00 for larger jobs are common. These are mostly small consulting jobs not big projects. The retainer is just to cover your early expenses until you get paid in 30 days!

Q: Is this class open to non-PE engineers?

• Yes, absolutely. In most cases as an expert witness you do not have to be a registered engineer. The Judge will decide if you qualify to testify as an expert in the field, based on your technical background and work experience, regardless if you are a registered engineer or not. In some cases you have to be a registered engineer either to do the work or comply with certain codes.

How to design & construct a building to withstand 150 mph wind, course topics:

• Determining Site-Specific Loads
• Introduction
• Dead Loads
• Live Loads
• Concept of Tributary or Effective Area and
• Application of Loads to a Building
• Snow Loads
• Flood Loads
• Design Flood
• Design Flood Elevation (DFE)
• Design Flood Depth (ds)
• Wave Setup (dws) Contribution to Flood Depth
• Design Wave Height (Hb)
• Design Flood Velocity (V)
• Hydrostatic Loads
• Wave Loads
• Hydrodynamic Loads
• Debris Impact Loads
• Localized Scour
• Flood Load Combinations
• Tsunami Loads
• Wind Loads
• Main Wind Force Resisting System
• Components and Cladding
• Tornado Loads
• Seismic Loads
• Load Combinations

• Designing the Building

• The Design Process
• Step 1 – Determining Loads
• Step 2 – Applying Loads to the Building
• Failure Modes
• Load Path
• Structural Building Systems
• Construction Materials
• Building Layouts and Architectural Shapes
• Determine Forces at Connections and
• Stresses in Materials
• Getting Started
• Analyze Load Path Links
• Foundation Design
• Other Important Load Paths
• Bracing
• Breakaway Wall Enclosures
• Develop Connections at Each Link

• Connection Choices
• Roof Sheathing to Roof Framing
• Roof Framing to Exterior Walls
• Top Wall Plate to Wall Studs
• Wall Sheathing to Window Header
• Window Header to Exterior Wall
• Wall to Floor Framing
• Floor Framing to Support Beam
• Floor Support Beam to Pile Foundation
• Select Building Materials
• Introduction
• Selection of Materials for Foundations
• and Enclosures Below the DFE
• Selection of Materials for Use Above the DFE
• Material Combinations
• Fire Safety Considerations
• Corrosion
• Additional Environmental Considerations
• Design of the Building Envelope
• Floors for Elevated Buildings
• Exterior Walls and Soffits
• Doors and Door Assemblies
• Windows, Shutters, and Skylights
• Roof Coverings
• Roof Ridge Vents
• Utilities/Mechanical Equipment
• Elevators
• Design of Exterior-Mounted Mechanical Equipment
• Design of Interior Mechanical Equipment
• Electrical, Telephone, and Cable TV Systems
• Water and Wastewater Systems
• Appurtenant Structures
• Decks, Gazebos, and Covered Porches Attached Buildings
• Walkways, Sidewalks, and Other Ground-Level Structures
• Access to Elevated Buildings
• Pools and Hot Tubs
• Boat Houses
• Storage Buildings
  
  
• Constructing the building
  
  
• Introduction
• Foundation Construction
• Layout
• Soils
• Pile Foundation
• Masonry Foundation Construction
• Concrete Foundation Construction
• Wood Foundation Construction
• Foundation Material Durability
• Field Preservative Treatment
• Substitutions
• The Top Foundation Issues for Builders
• Inspection Points
• Structural Frame
• Floor Framing
• Wall Framing
• Roof Framing
• The Top Structural Frame Issues for Builders
• Building Envelope
• Substitution of Building Envelope Materials
• Building Envelope Inspection Points
• The Top Building Envelope Issues for Builders
• Appurtenant Structures

• Decks
• Storage Buildings
• Swimming Pools and Hot Tubs
• Walkways and Sidewalks
• Utility/Mechanical Equipment
• Elevators
• Heating, Ventilating, and Cooling (HVAC) Systems
• Electrical Systems
• Water and Wastewater Systems
• Tanks

• Chapter 14; Maintaining the Building
• Introduction
• Effects of Coastal Environment
• Corrosion
• Termites
• Moisture
• Weathering
• Building Elements That Require Frequent Maintenance
• Siding
• Roofs
• Glazing
• Outdoor Mechanical/Electrical Equipment
• Decks/Exterior Wood
• Metal Connectors
• Maintenance Techniques Required for Natural
• Flooding
• Seismic and Wind
• Retrofit Opportunities
• Retrofit Costs
• References

How to pick a residential lot or building site in coastal area

Course topics:

FOUNDATIONS IN EXPANSIVE SOILS; Course Topics

INTRODUCTION
Purpose
Scope
Background,
Causes and patterns of heave
Elements of design

RECOGNITION OF PROBLEM AREAS
Site selection
Hazard maps

FIELD EXPLORATION
Scope,
Surface examination
Subsurface exploration
Groundwater

LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
Identification of swelling soils
Testing procedures

METHODOLOGY FOR PREDICTION OF VOLUME
CHANGES
Application of heave predictions
Factors influencing heave
Direction of soil movement
Potential total vertical heave
Potential differential heave
Heave with time

DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS
Basic considerations
Shallow individual or continuous footings
Reinforced slab-on-grade foundations
Deep foundations

MINIMIZATION OF FOUNDATION MOVEMENT
Preparation for construction.
Drainage techniques
Stabilization techniques.

CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES AND INSPECTION
Minimization of foundation problems from construction
Stiffened slab foundations
Drilled shaft foundations

REMEDIAL PROCEDURES
Basic considerations
Evaluation of information
Stiffened slab foundations
Drilled shaft foundations
REFERENCES.

- Foundation damage Investigation power point presentation.

Extra topics covered:

• Comments on the design of post-tensioned slab-on-ground

• Comments on the use of PTI method

• Criteria for foundation inspection

• Distress phenomena often mistakenly attributed to foundation movement

• Foundation design option for residential buildings

• Foundation maintenance and inspection guide for residential buildings

• Foundation maintenance and inspection guide for residential buildings

• Guidelines for evaluating foundation performance by monitoring

• Homebuyers guide for foundation evaluation # 1.

• Homebuyers guide for foundation evaluation # 2.

• Installation guidelines of pre-cast concrete piles for foundation.

• Post foundation repair performance of residential buildings on expansive soils

• Quality control checklists for foundation inspection of residential buildings.

• Recommended practice for Geo-technical Explorations and report.

How to visually screen buildings for potential seismic hazard

Course topics

1. Introduction
2. Planning and Managing Rapid Visual Screening
   2.1 Screening Implementation Sequence
   2.2 Budget Development and Cost Estimation
   2.3 Pre-Field Planning
   2.4 Selection and Review of the Data Collection Form
         2.4.1 Determination of Seismicity Region
         2.4.2 Determination of Key Seismic Code Adoption Dates and Other Considerations
         2.4.3 Determination of Cut-Off Score
   2.5 Qualifications and Training for Screeners
   2.6 Acquisition and Review of Pre-Field Data
         2.6.1 Assessor’s Files
         2.6.2 Building Department Files
         2.6.3 Sanborn Maps
         2.6.4 Municipal Databases
         2.6.5 Previous Studies 15
         2.6.6 Soils Information
   2.7 Review of Construction Documents
   2.8 Field Screening of Buildings
   2.9 Checking the Quality and Filing the Field Data in the Record-Keeping System
3. Completing the Data Collection Form
   3.1 Introduction
   3.2 Verifying and Updating the Building Identification Information
         3.2.1 Number of Stories
         3.2.2 Year Built
         3.2.3 Screener Identification
         3.2.4 Total Floor Area
   3.3 Sketching the Plan and Elevation Views
   3.4 Determining Soil Type
   3.5 Determining and Documenting Occupancy
         3.5.1 Occupancy
         3.5.2 Occupancy Load
   3.6 Identifying Potential Nonstructural Falling Hazards
   3.7 Identifying the Lateral-Load-Resisting System and Documenting the Related Basic Structural Score
         3.7.1 Fifteen Building Types Considered by the RVS Procedure and Related Basic Structural Scores
         3.7.2 Identifying the Lateral-Force-Resisting System
         3.7.3 Interior Inspections
         3.7.4 Screening Buildings with More Than One Lateral-Force Resisting System
   3.8 Identifying Seismic Performance Attributes and Recording Score Modifiers
         3.8.1 Mid-Rise Buildings
         3.8.2 High-Rise Buildings
         3.8.3 Vertical Irregularity
         3.8.4 Plan Irregularity 40
         3.8.5 Pre-Code
         3.8.6 Post-Benchmark
         3.8.7 Soil Type C, D, or E
   3.9 Determining the Final Score
   3.10 Photographing the Building
   3.11 Comments Section
   
4. Using the RVS Procedure Results
   4.1 Interpretation of RVS Score
   4.2 Selection of RVS “Cut-Off” Score
   4.3 Prior Uses of the RVS Procedure
   4.4 Other Possible Uses of the RVS Procedure
         4.4.1 Using RVS Scores as a Basis for Hazardous Building Mitigation Programs
         4.4.2 Using RVS Data in Community Building Inventory Development
         4.4.3 Using RVS Data to Plan Post earthquake Building-Safety-Evaluation Efforts
         4.4.4 Resources Needed for the Various Uses of the RVS Procedure
5. Example Application of Rapid Visual Screening
   5.1 Step 1: Budget and Cost Estimation
   5.2 Step 2: Pre-Field Planning
   5.3 Step 3: Selection and Review of the Data Collection Form
   5.4 Step 4: Qualifications and Training for Screeners
   5.5 Step 5: Acquisition and Review of Pre-Field Data
   5.6 Step 6: Review of Construction Documents
   5.7 Step 7: Field Screening of Buildings
   5.8 Step 8: Transferring the RVS Field Data to the Electronic Building RVS Database

How to build a house to resist earthquake

Course topics

1. INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND AND SEISMIC RISK AREAS
2. PRINCIPLES OF SEISMIC RESISTANCE IN DWELLINGS
3. ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
4. SITE SELECTION
5. ELEMENTS OF THE SEISMIC RESISTANT SYSTEM
6. FOUNDATIONS AND FOUNDATION DETAILS
7. FLOORS
8. SHEAR WALLS
9. ROOF REQUIREMENTS
10. MASONRY CHIMNEYS
11. CONCRETE MASONRY
12. CLAY MASONRY
13. MASONRY AND STONE VENEER
14. BUILDING CODE AND REFERENCES
15. HOME BUILDERS CHECK LIST
16. APPENDIX: TYPICAL REGULAR FLOOR PLANS FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE

How to build residential construction in the gulf course area

Course topics

Introduction ...........................................................................................ix

Chapter 1. Types of Hazards.................................................................1-1
1.1 High Winds........................................................................................1-1
1.2 Storm Surge......................................................................................1-4
1.3 Flood Effects............................................................….......................1-6
1.3.1 Hydrostatic Forces..........................................................................1-6
1.3.2 Hydrodynamic Forces......................................................................1-7
1.3.3 Waves.............................................................................................1-8
1.3.4 Flood borne Debris..........................................................................1-10
1.3.5 Erosion and Scour...........................................................................1-10

Chapter 2. Foundations...........................................….............................2-1
2.1 Foundation Design Criteria.................................................................2-1
2.2 Foundation Design in Coastal Areas ..................................................2-2
2.3 Open and Closed Foundations in Coastal Areas.................................2-4
2.3.1 Open Foundations............................................................................2-4
2.3.1.1 Piles...............................................................................................2-4
2.3.1.2 Piers...........................................................................….................2-7
2.3.2 Closed Foundations..........................................................…..............2-8
2.3.2.1 Perimeter Walls............................................................…...............2-9
2.3.2.2 ..Slab-on-Grade...............................................................…............2-10
2.4 Introduction to Foundation Design and Construction ..........................2-10
2.4.1 Site Characterization.........................................................................2-10
2.4.2 Types of Foundation Construction.....................................................2-11
2.4.2.1 Piles................................................................................................2-11
2.4.2.2 Diagonal Bracing of Piles.................................................................2-12
2.4.2.3 Knee Bracing of Piles......................................................................2-13
2.4.2.4 Wood-Pile-to-Wood-Girder Connections........................................2-14
2.4.2.5 Grade Beams in Pile/Column Foundations......................................2-15

Chapter 3. Foundation Design Loads......................................………..........3-1
3.1 Wind Loads..........................................................................................3-2
3.2 Flood Loads..........................................................................................3-3
3.2.1 Design Flood and Design Flood Elevation (DFE)................................3-4
3.2.2 Design Stillwater Flood Depth...........................................................3-5
3.2.3 Design Wave Height..........................................................................3-5
3.2.4 Design Flood Velocity.........................................................................3-6
3.3 Hydrostatic Loads.................................................................................3-7
3.4 Wave Loads .........................................................................................3-8
3.4.1 ..Breaking .Wae .Loads .on .Vertical .Piles...................…....................3-8
3.4.2 ..Breaking .Wae .Loads .on .Vertical .Walls........................................3-9
3.5 Hydrodynamic Loads.............................................................................3-11
3.6 Debris Impact Loads..................................................….………................3-12
3.7 Localized Scour...............................................................…....................3-14
3.7.1 Localized Scour Around Vertical Piles..................................................3-15
3.7.2 ..Localized .Scour .Around .Vertical .Walls .and .Enclosures................3-15
3.8 Flood Load Combinations...................................................….................3-16

Chapter 4. Overview of Recommended Foundation Types and Construction for the Gulf Coast................4-1
4.1 Critical Factors Affecting Foundation Design..........................................4-2
4.1.1 Wind Speed........................................................................................4-2
4.1.2 Elevation.............................................................................................4-2
4.1.3 Construction Materials........................................................................4-3
4.1.3.1 Masonry Foundation Construction...................................................4-3
4.1.3.2 Concrete Foundation Construction..................................................4-3
4.1.3.3 ..Field .Preseratie .Treatment .for .Wood .Members.....….................4-4
4.1.4 Foundation Design Loads...................................................................4-5
4.2 Recommended Foundation Types for the Gulf Coast.............................4-7
4.2.1 ..Open .Foundation: .Timber .Pile .(Case .A).......................................4-8
4.2.2 Open Foundation: Steel Pipe Pile with Concrete Column and Grade Beam (Case B)...............................4-9
4.2.3 Open Foundation: Timber Pile with Concrete Column and Grade Beam (Case C)....................................4-11
4.2.4 Open Foundation: Concrete Column and Grade Beam with Slabs (Cases D and G).................................4-12
4.2.5 ..Closed .Foundation: .Reinforced .Masonry .– .Crawlspace . (Case .E)……………………………..……………………..4-13
4.2.6 ..Closed .Foundation: .Reinforced .Masonry .– .Stem .Wall . (Case .F).....................................................4-14

Chapter 5. Foundation Selection...........................................…….................5-1
5.1 Foundation Design Types........................................................................5-1
5.2 Foundation Design Considerations.........................................................5-2
5.3 Cost Estimating.......................................................................................5-4
5.4 How to Use This Manual..........................................................................5-4
5.5 Design Examples.....................................................................................5-7

Appendices
Appendix A Foundation Designs
Appendix B Pattern Book Design
Appendix C Assumptions Used in Design
Appendix D Foundation Analysis and Design Examples
Appendix E Cost Estimating
Appendix F Referenced Fact Sheets from FEMA 499
Appendix G FEMA Publications and Additional References
Appendix H Glossary
Appendix I Abbreviations and Acronyms

How the energy-efficient buildings in Los Alamos Labs are built

Course topics

Chapter One: Sustainable Development – What and Why?
1 Mission Impact
3 Vision for Sustainable Development
5 Sustainable Development at LANL
6 Purpose of the LANL Sustainable Design Guide
6 Organization of the LANL Sustainable Design Guide


Chapter Two: Whole-Building Design
11 Whole-Building Design – the What and How
12 Articulating and Communicating a Vision
13 Creating an Integrated Project Team
14 Developing Project Goals
15 Design and Execution Phases
17 Decision-Making Process
20 Writing Sustainable F&OR Documents
23 Specific Sustainable Elements of F&OR Documents
26 Fitting Into the LANL Design Process


Chapter Three: Building Siting
35 Site Issues at LANL
38 Site Inventory and Analysis
42 Site Design
44 Transportation and Parking


Chapter Four: The Building Architectural Design
49 Schematic Design
53 Designing Using Computer Simulations
56 Designing High Performance
Features and Systems
61 Designing for Daylighting
69 Passive and Active Solar Systems
77 Accommodating Recycling Activities


Chapter Five: Lighting, HVAC, and Plumbing
81 High Performance Engineering Design
83 Lighting System Design
90 Mechanical System Design
102 Central Plant Systems
109 Plumbing and Water Use
115 Building Control System


Chapter Six: Materials
123 Material Selection
127 Sustainable Building Materials
143 System Integration Issues


Chapter Seven: Landscape Design and Management
147 Landscape Issues at LANL
149 Stormwater Management
154 Using Water Outdoors
157 Landscape Vegetation
158 Exterior Lighting


Chapter Eight: Constructing the Building
163 Developing a Construction Plan
165 Writing Effective Construction Documents
167 Safeguarding Design Goals During Construction
168 Protecting the Site
170 Low-Impact Construction Processes
170 Protecting Indoor Air Quality
171 Managing Construction Waste


Chapter Nine: Commissioning the Building
177 Commissioning Process Overview
182 Commissioning Activities and Documentation


Chapter Ten: Education, Training and Operation
189 Building Occupant and Operator Roles
190 Information for Facilities Managers
191 Information for Building Users
193 Post Occupancy Evaluation

Chapter 1: Sustainable
Appendices
197 Appendix A: Best Practice, Orders, Regulations, and Laws
201 Appendix B: Climate Charts
210 Appendix C: Green Building Adviser
224 Appendix D: Site-Wide Metering Program at LANL
226 Appendix E: LEED Checklist
235 Appendix F: Building Simulations
241 Appendix G: Sun Path Diagrams
249 Appendix H: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Options

How to evaluate earth quaked damaged concrete and masonry wall buildings

Course topics

1. Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.1 Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..1
1.3 Basis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
1.4 Overview of the Damage Investigation and Evaluation Procedures . . . . . . .4
1.4.1 Introduction and Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4.2 Characteristics of Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
1.4.3 Investigation of Earthquake Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4.4 Evaluation of Earthquake Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.4.5 Component Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1.4.6 Terms and Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4.7 Related Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2. Characteristics of Concrete And Masonry Wall Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1 Typical Vertical Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.1.1 Bearing Walls and Infilled Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.1.2 Wall Elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
2.1.3 Foundation Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2 Horizontal Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
2.3 Three-Dimensional Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4 Identification of Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
3. Investigation of Earthquake Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1 Characteristics of the Damaging Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
3.2 Review of Existing Building Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 Assessing the Consequences of the Damaging Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4 Pre-existing Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.5 Component Damage Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

vi Basic Procedures Manual FEMA 306
3.6 Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
3.7 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.8 Test and Inspection Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
4. Evaluation of Earthquake Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.1 Basis of Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.2 Seismic Performance Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.3 Seismic Performance Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
4.4 Relative Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
4.4.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.4.2 Global Displacement Performance Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.4.3 Component Modeling and Acceptability Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.4.4 Global Displacement Demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
4.5 Performance Restoration Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4.6 An Alternative—The Direct Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5: Reinforced Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.1 Introduction and Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.2 Reinforced Concrete Component Types and Behavior Modes . . . . . . . . . . .77
5.2.1 Component Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
5.2.2 Behavior Modes and Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
5.2.3 Behavior Modes with High Ductility Capacity (Flexural Response) . . . . . . 78
5.2.4 Behavior Modes with Intermediate Ductility Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
5.2.5 Behavior Modes with Little or No Ductility Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.2.6 Foundation Rocking Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
5.3 Reinforced Concrete Evaluation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.3.1 Cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
5.3.2 Expected Strength and Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.3.3 Plastic-Hinge Location and Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
5.3.4 Ductility Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
5.3.5 Moment Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
5.3.6 Shear Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
5.3.7 Wall Boundary Confinement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
5.3.8 Lap Splice Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5.3.9 Wall Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.4 Symbols for Reinforced Concrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93
5.5 Reinforced Concrete Component Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  95
6: Reinforced Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 107
6.1 Introduction and Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.2 Reinforced Masonry Component Types and Behavior Modes . . . . . . . .  . . .108
6.2.1 Component Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
6.2.2 Behavior Modes with High Ductility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.2.3 Behavior Modes with Moderate Ductility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
6.2.4 Behavior Modes with Low Ductility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

vii FEMA 306 Basic Procedures Manual
6.3 Reinforced Masonry Evaluation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .  . . .114
6.3.1 Material Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 114
6.3.2 Flexure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 114
6.3.3 Shear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .116
6.3.4 Sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
6.3.5 Wall Instability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
6.3.6 Lap-Splice Slip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.3.7 Masonry Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6.4 Symbols for Reinforced Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .120
6.5 Reinforced Masonry Component Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
7: Unreinforced Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  137
7.1 Introduction and Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7.1.1 Section Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
7.1.2 Material Types and Structural Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137
7.1.3 Seismically Rehabilitated URM Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .138
7.2 Unreinforced Masonry Component Types and Behavior Modes . . . . . . . . . .139
7.2.1 Non-Wall Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139
7.2.2 Wall Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
7.2.3 Foundation Rocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7.2.4 Wall-Pier Rocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
7.2.5 Bed-Joint Sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146
7.2.6 Bed-Joint Sliding at Wall Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
7.2.7 Spandrel-Joint Sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
7.2.8 Rocking/Toe Crushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150
7.2.9 Flexural Cracking/Toe Crushing/Bed Joint Sliding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 151
7.2.10 Flexural Cracking/Diagonal Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
7.2.11 Flexural Cracking/Toe Crushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
7.2.12 Spandrel-Unit Cracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
7.2.13 Corner Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
7.2.14 Preemptive Diagonal Tension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
7.2.15 Preemptive Toe Crushing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152
7.2.16 Out-of-Plane Flexural Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
7.2.17 Other Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
7.3 Unreinforced Masonry Evaluation procedures . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . 154
7.3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
7.3.2 Evaluation Procedures for In-Plane Behavior of Piers in Walls with Weak Pier - Strong Spandrel Mechanisms .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
7.3.3 Evaluation Procedures for In-Plane Behavior of Solid Wall Components . ............157
7.3.4 Evaluation Procedures for In-Plane Behavior of Perforated Walls with Spandrel Damage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
7.3.5 Evaluation Procedures for Out-of-Plane Behavior of Wall and Pier Components............. 162
7.4 Symbols for Unreinforced Masonry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
7.5 Unreinforced Masonry Component Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

viii Basic Procedures Manual FEMA 306
8: Infilled Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . …… . . . . . . .183
8.1 Introduction and Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183
8.2 Infilled Frame Masonry Component Types and Behavior Modes . . . . . . . . . . .184
8.2.1 Component Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184
8.2.2 Panel and Frame Modeling and Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
8.2.3 Behavior Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
8.3 Infilled Frame Evaluation Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..197
8.3.1 Solid Infilled-Panel Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
8.3.2 Infilled-Panel Components with Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
8.3.3 Out-of-Plane Behavior of Infilled-Panel Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
8.3.4 Steel-Frame Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
8.3.5 Concrete-Frame Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
8.4 Infilled Frame Component Guides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 205
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215
List of General Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
ATC-43 Project Participants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Applied Technology Council Projects And Report Information . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .237

Recommendations and technical guidelines for Midwest Tornadoes

Course topics

1. Introduction
   1.1 Purpose
   1.2 Team Composition
   1.3 Methodology
   1.4 Presentation of Findings

2. Background on Tornadoes and History of the Storm
   2.1 The Fujita Scale and Tornado Probability
   2.2 Tornadoes and Associated Damage
   2.3 Background of the Event

3. General Assessments and Characterization of Damage
   3.1 Property Protection
       3.1.1 Overview of Buildings Evaluated
               3.1.1.1 Residential Buildings
               3.1.1.2 Non-Residential Buildings
       3.1.2 Load Path and Increased Loads
   3.2 Wind-Borne Debris
       3.2.1 Missile Types and Sizes
       3.2.2 Wind-Borne Missile Quantity
   3.3 Personal Protection and Sheltering
   3.4 Local, State, and Federal Regulation
       3.4.1 Oklahoma
       3.4.2 Kansas

4. Observations on Residential Property Pro